Periodontal diseases are bacterial infections that destroy the gums and supporting bone that hold your teeth in your mouth. They can affect one tooth or many teeth.
The main cause of periodontal disease is bacterial plaque. Plaque is a sticky, colorless film that constantly forms on your teeth. If the plaque is not removed, it turns into a hard substance called calculus or tartar. Tartar can only be removed by an oral health professional, such as a dentist or dental hygienist. The bacteria in plaque and tartar infect the gums, and release poisons that cause redness and inflammation (irritation). The inflammation and the poisons cause destruction of the tissues that support the teeth, including the bone. When this happens, the gums separate from the teeth, forming pockets that fill with even more plaque causing even more infection.
Aside from bacterial plaque and tartar, there are many other factors that may affect the health of the gums. Such factors include:
- TOBACCO - Use of tobacco products significantly increases your risk of developing periodontal diseases and can have a negative effect on treatment.
- HORMONAL CHANGES - During pregnancy, puberty and menopause the gums can become red, tender and bleed easily.
- GENETICS - Family history of periodontal diseases indicates a greater likelihood of developing these diseases.
- STRESS - Makes it more difficult for the body to fight off infection, including periodontal diseases.
- MEDICATIONS - Certain medications such as oral contraceptives, antidepressants and heart medicine, can affect oral health.
- DESTRUCTIVE HABITS - Improper oral hygiene technique, oral piercing, drug or alcohol abuse can affect periodontal health.
- POOR NUTRITION - Makes it harder for the body to fight off infection and can impede healing.
- SYSTEMIC DISEASES - Diseases that interfere with the body’s immune system may worsen the condition of the gums and supporting bone.
There are many forms of periodontal diseases and your symptoms along with the findings from your examination and periodontal films will determine your diagnosis.